A Model “Critical Decision-Making Model”, Case-Study of Ghana, West Africa

Introduction: Security and Police organizations in West Africa do not have Critical Decision-making Models to guide the Officer deciding Use of Force option. The various Services appear place emphasis on ethical policing leading officer extrajudicial killing rent- seeking behaviors. Method: Using Ghana’s legal framework use force as a case study, author conducted desk-top review other jurisdictions did content analysis Incident Public Order Management Manual, Order, GPS 004-15 well legislative Constitutional exceptions immunities for force. Author twenty interviews opportunistically with police officers validation. Finding: Organizations like Ghana Service, “Incident Manual”, designed “to provide direction information assist commanders, planners, advisors prepare manage events where there is risk public safety…” It generic Standard Operating Procedure, SOP incident management. They also an Force, listing during which can be used. These documents detail issues proportionality. There no training evaluation. Modalities assessment, de-escalation threat levels are part or Management. negative image, accused being trigger happy, brutal conducting arrests, corrupt, could result lack adequate policing, familiarity skills, position law accountability. Recommendations: has proposed Model, admonished Africa, create country specific models that simple, functional, least restrictive controlling offender arrests. Conclusion: anticipates model its derivatives would influence Decision-making, essential tool enforcement.